[LeetCode 278] First Bad Version
February 13, 2019
You are a product manager and currently leading a team to develop a new product. Unfortunately, the latest version of your product fails the quality check. Since each version is developed based on the previous version, all the versions after a bad version are also bad.
Suppose you have n versions [1, 2, ..., n] and you want to find out the first bad one, which causes all the following ones to be bad.
You are given an API bool isBadVersion(version) which will return whether version is bad. Implement a function to find the first bad version. You should minimize the number of calls to the API.
题目类型分析
很明显属于查找算法题。
题目要求 API 函数使用次数尽可能少,而且查找对象是自增的自然数序列,直接考虑 Binary Search。
解法
- 生搬硬套 binary search 的解法
var solution = function(isBadVersion) {
/**
* @param {integer} n Total versions
* @return {integer} The first bad version
*/
return function(n) {
var min = 0;
var max = n;
var mid;
while (max >= min) {
mid = Math.floor((max - min) / 2) + min;
let result = isBadVersion(mid);
if (result ^ isBadVersion(mid - 1)) {
return mid;
}
if (result) {
max = mid - 1;
} else {
min = mid + 1;
}
}
};
};
上面是硬套 binary search 形式的笨拙解法,通过 min 和 max 两个 pointer 逼近 target,以 mid pointer 及其前一个元素调用 API 的结果来判断 mid 是否为 bad version。
以本题的限制条件来看,上面这段代码中其实有一行逻辑不合理:max=mid-1
,尽管它导致的副作用被if (result ^ isBadVersion(mid - 1))
排除掉了。
原因:只有当 mid 为 bad version 时,max 才会被修改,但根据返回的信息,我们只能确认 mid 是 bad version,而它恰好有可能是第一个 bad version。因此更合理的写法应该是max=mid
。这样修改之后,if (result ^ isBadVersion(mid - 1))
这几行代码也不需要了,减少了代码行数,也减少了 API 调用次数。
结束了吗?还没有,循环的判断条件还要修改为max>min
;否则当max==min
的时候,程序就陷入死循环了。修改之后,当max==min
时循环结束,任意返回二者之一就是答案(也可以重新计算mid
,再将其返回,此时 max,min,mid
三者相等)。
现在结束了。
- 按题目限制优化后的 binary search 解法
根据上面的思路,优化后的代码如下:
var solution = function(isBadVersion) {
/**
* @param {integer} n Total versions
* @return {integer} The first bad version
*/
return function(n) {
var min = 0;
var max = n;
var mid;
while (max > min) {
mid = Math.floor((max - min) / 2) + min;
if (isBadVersion(mid)) {
max = mid;
} else {
min = mid + 1;
}
}
return max;
};
};
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